Fig. 2
From: An anthropomorphic phantom for atrial transseptal puncture simulation training

Mapping the segmentation of the LA (green) and RA (blue) based on a cardiac MRI scan of an AF patient. A Sagittal view. B Transverse view. C 3D visualization, including: (a) RAA, (b) SVC, (c) RSPV, (d) RIPV, (e) LSPV, and (f) LIPV. D, E and F, G visualize CAD renderings and images of the fabricated phantom in two oblique views. Abbreviations: RA (right atrium); LA (left atrium); MRI (magnetic resonance imaging); AF (atrial fibrillation); RAA (right atrial appendage); SVC (superior vena cava), IVC (inferior vena cava); RSPV (right superior pulmonary vein); RIPV (right inferior pulmonary vein); LSPV (left superior pulmonary vein); LIPV (left inferior pulmonary vein); CAD (computer-aided design); FO (fossa ovalis); PVC (polyvinyl chloride)